中国大规模非并网风电基地与高耗能有色冶金产业基地链合布局研究

Linked Distribution of Large-Scale off-Grid Wind Power Industry and High-Energy-Consumption Nonferrous Metallurgy in China

有色冶金产业作为第一耗能产业,也是国民经济发展的基础产业,在产业规模不断扩张的同时,其结构性矛盾也日益突出,特别是产业发展面临的资源、环境压力越来越大,已经对可持续发展形成威胁。因此,结合大规模非并网风电的开发建设,形成风力发电与有色冶金产业基地的链合布局,促进风电-有色冶金产业基地建设具有重要的时代意义。本文通过分析风电场以及有色冶金产业布局的影响因素,建立风电产业布局研究的基本框架;以省域尺度为例,探讨风电场与有色冶金产业基地的链合布局,认为中国电解铝工业布局将随着风电场的建设脱离原料富集的内地地区,逐步向风能资源富集的沿海地区转移,从打造风电与有色冶金产业链的角度,将山东、内蒙古、江苏、广东、上海、浙江等6个省区列为中国一级风电与有色冶金产业基地;将河北、新疆、辽宁、山西、宁夏、福建和甘肃等7个省区列为二级风电与有色冶金产业基地。13个大规模非并网风电与有色冶金产业基地2020年非并网风电总装机容量将达到3 043.24×104kW,电解铝产量预计将达到656.09×104t,约占全国总产量的32.80%,并将实现可观的节能减排与经济效益目标。

China has advantageous conditions for developing wind power, as the wind energy resources are abundant and exploitable capacity is highest in the world. According to the country＇s ＂Medium and Longterm Development Plan for Energy＂, wind power is the third biggest power source after thermal power and hydropower. Due to restrictions based on resource conservation and environmental protection, the development and construction of large-scale off-grid wind-based electricity will have an important influence on the Chinese wind power industry. As the highest consumer of energy, the nonferrous metallurgy industry is also fundamental for national economic development. As the scale of industry expands, the structural contradictions are more and more prominent. In particular, the resource and environment pressures from industrial development are greater and greater, which threatens the sustainable development of the nonferrous metallurgy industry. Thus, combining this with the development and construction of large-scale off-grid wind electricity to create linkages between wind power and nonferrous metallurgy, and speeding up the construction of wind power-nonferrous metallurgy industry bases is urgent. By analyzing the factors influencing the location of wind farms as well as the nonferrous metallurgy industry, we established a basic research framework for distribution of the wind electricity industry. We discuss the linked distribution of the bases of the national wind electricity industry and nonferrous metallurgy industry at the provincial scale, and suggest that the electrolytic aluminum industry should relocate from the interior, where raw materials are abundant, to the coastal regions which are rich in wind energy resources. To construct an industry chain of wind power and nonferrous metallurgy, we selected Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shanghai and Zhejiang as the first-level industrial bases for wind power and nonferrous metallurgy, and selected Hebei, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi, Ningxia, Fujian and Gansu as the second-level industrial bases. In 2020, the total installed capacity of these thirteen large-scale industrial bases will reach 30.43 million kW, and the output of electrolytic aluminum is intended to achieve 6.56 million tons, which constitutes 32.8% of national total output. This will realize considerable energy savings and emission reductions as well as economic benefits.