九孔鲍育苗池附着基上底栖微藻群落及其多样性

Benthic microalgae community structure and biodiversity for larval abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta settlement in breeding ponds

2006年9月14至10月26日对福建省漳浦县下蔡九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)育苗池进行定点采样。检测结果共鉴定底栖微藻24属62种,其中硅藻21属59种,绿藻、蓝藻和褐藻各1种。附着基上底栖微藻的优势种有12种,全部为硅藻,如盾卵形藻微小变种(Cocconeis scutellum var.parva)、小形舟形藻(Navicula parva)、咖啡双眉藻(Amphora coffeaeformis)、琴式菱形藻(Nitzschia panduriformis)等。优势种的优势度突出。常见种有25种,少见种有27种。优势种和常见种多是能够适应底栖环境的种类。附着基上底栖微藻种类及多样性指数育苗早期波动大,后期逐渐稳定,底栖微藻多样性指数平均为0.980～1.959,结果表明,底栖微藻群落结构的演变与鲍幼体摄食活动有很大的相关性。

The samples were collected from the abalone aquaculture ponds in Fujian Province from 14 September to 26 October, 2006 and were observed under a lightmicroscope. A total of 62 species of benthic microalage were identified in four Haliotis diversicolor supertexta breeding ponds belonging to four phyla and 24 genera, including 59 Bacillariophyta species, one Chlorophyta species, one Cyanophyta species and one Phaeophyta species. All of the 12 dominant species belonged to the Bacillariophyta, including Cocconeis scutellum var. parva, Navicula parva, Amphora coffeaeformis, Nitzschia panduriformis and Navicula ramosissima. There were 30 common species, which belonged to Chlorophyta. There were 25 common species, which also belonged to Bacillariophyta and 27 species that were less common. The dominant and common species were those adapted to the benthic environment. The biodiversity index and species numbers of benthic microalgae attaching to the substrates increased with breeding time increasing. Succession of the benthic microalgae community and subrogation of the dominant species were rapid in the pre-breeding period and gradually stabilized in the late- breeding period. The mean biodiversity index of benthic microalgae were 0.980-1.959. The results showed that there was a great correlation between the succession of the benthic microalgae community and larva abalone feeding activities. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2008, 15 （6） ： 999-1 007]