投饲蚕豆对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响

Effects of feeding broad bean on growth and flesh quality of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus

分别以配合饲料、浸泡蚕豆、发芽蚕豆喂养体质量为(530±20)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)77d,以考察投饲蚕豆对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,配合饲料组、浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组草鱼的增重率分别为83.08%、55.01%和62.82%,饵料系数分别为2.03、2.96和2.70,投饲浸泡蚕豆或发芽蚕豆显著降低了草鱼增重率(P<0.05),增加了饲料系数(P<0.05);与配合饲料组相比,浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组草鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量和肌肉失水率显著降低(P<0.05),胶原蛋白含量和肌纤维直径显著增加(P<0.05);肌肉游离氨基酸中呈味氨基酸的含量显著下降(P<0.05),而必需氨基酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);肌肉的硬度和黏性也有了显著提高(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,饲喂蚕豆可显著改善草鱼肌肉品质,但同时降低了草鱼生长性能。

The flesh of grass carp could become crispy after the fish were fed with broad bean for about 3 months, and it is called crisped grass carp. This kind of grass carp culture has been conducted in south China for more than 30 years. But until now, why and how the flesh changed to be crispy is still unknown. Broad bean could be fed to grass carp with sprouted or immersed broad bean in practice, which means different effects on crisping flesh of grass carp. In the present study, grass carp with body weight of （530±20）g was fed with formulate feed, immersed and sprouted broad bean for 77 days to investigate the effects of feeding broad bean on growth performance and flesh quality. Growth rates of the three groups were 83.08%, 55.01%, 62.08%, and FCR were 2.03,2.96, 2.70, respectively. The growth rate decreased （P〈0.05） while FCR increased （P〈0.05） by feeding broad bean. But fish of sprouted broad bean group had better growth than that of immersed broad bean group. The lower growing performance of fish fed with broad bean was related to anti-nutrition factors and unbalanced amino acids in broad bean. Compared with grass carp fed with formulate feed, fishes fed with immersed or sprouted broad bean had lower fat content, water-loss rate （P〈0.05）, but higher collagen content, fiber diameter of flesh （P〈0.05）. The free essential amino acids （FEAA） and total free amino acids （TFAA） in muscle were significantly increased （P〈0.05）, but free flavor amino acids decreased （P〈0.01）by feeding immersed or sprouted broad bean. The flesh hardness and gumminess were also increased （P〈0.05）by feeding immersed or sprouted broad bean, compared with that offish fed with formulate feed. Fish of sprouted broad bean group had higher FEAA, TFAA, hardness and gumminess than those of immersed broad bean group. Results above showed that feeding broad bean could improve the flesh quality of grass carp, but the growth performance was reduced. By contrast, feeding sprouted broad bean had better effects on growth and crispy flesh than feeding immersed broad bean. [Journal of Fishery Scienves of China, 2008, 15 （6） ： 1 042-1 049]