分布光纤式输油管道安全监测预警系统

A Distributed Optical Fiber Pre-warning System for Safety Monitoring of Oil Pipelines

提出了一种基于光时域反射原理和分布式光纤传感技术实现输油管道泄漏安全实时监测的技术。当输油管道发生泄漏时，使光纤所处的温度场发生变化，利用光纤后向喇曼散射的温度效应测量该处的温度变化而判断管道泄漏：当发生人为破坏（盗油）事件时，所产生的振动、压力等扰动信号使在光纤中传输的后向瑞利散射光产生明显的损耗特征．通过测量其光强的变化来检测管道是否受到扰动或破坏。用ODTR技术实现对光纤测量点的定位。实验结果表明．系统已达到如下主要技术指标：光纤长度5km（可延长），测温范围0～90℃（可扩展），温度测量偏差小于＋5℃。对扰动外力和温度的定位偏差小于15m。该检测技术可以有效地提高输油管道泄漏监测和防盗油水平。

A real-time monitoring technology for safety and leakage of oil pipeline based on theories of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer （ODTR） and the distributed optical fiber sensor is introduced. As the pipeline leaks, the temperature field around the optical fiber sensor changes. Using the temperature effect of the backscattered Anti-stokes the temperature is measured and the pipeline leakage is estimated. When there is an accident of factitious destruction （Oil-stealing） on the pipeline, the destruction will create vibration and pressure and thus the optical signal attenuation of the backscattered Rayleigh through the optical fiber happens. And by measuring the intensity of the Rayleigh, the disturbance and breakage of pipeline is detected. At last, the measuring position is locat- ed by ODTR. The experiment results show the performance of the system as follows： length of single mode fiber： 5km（expandable）, range of temperature measurement： 0-90℃ （expandable）, temperature error：〈 ＋5℃, location error：〈15m.Therefore the monitoring quality of oil pipelines and anti-stealing oil level may be improved effectively.