也谈“V来V去”格式及其语法化

On the Construction"V lai V qu"and its Grammaticalization

共时平面上"V来V去"可分为A、B、C三个次类:A类表空间位移、B类表时间推移、C类为话语标记。A、B两类的语法意义都是表示动作行为的反复,C类的语法意义表现在篇章功能上。从语篇特征看,A类通常以结句形式出现,对上下文都没有依存性;B类与上下文都存在一定的语义联系,表现出较强的语篇连接能力;C类作为独立成分,起篇章连接作用。从语法化角度看,A、B、C三个次类的演变关系应该是:A类>B类>C类,促使其语法化的机制是重新分析和类推,语义语用因素主要包括隐喻、语用推理和主观化。"V来V去"的语法化过程也是一个主观性不断增强、篇章功能逐渐关联化的过程。

In Mandarin Chinese, the construction ＂V lai V qu （V 来 V去）＂ can be divided into three types according to its semantic and functional variation： type A represents movement, type B represents time shifting and type C functions as a discourse marker. On the grammatical meaning aspect, types A and B all express the repetitions of actions, type C manifests coherent function. Ac- cording to the textual features, type A usually occurs in the end of sentence and is independent on the context, type B has certain semantic connections with the context and shows strong textual cohesion, type C as an independent element, performs the functions of textual connection. On the grammaticalization aspect, the diachronic relationships of these three types should be： A 〉 B 〉 C. The semantic and pragmatic factors, which including metaphor, pragmatic reasoning and subjectivisation, motivated the reanalysis and analogy of ＂V lai V qu＂. In the process of grammaticalization of ＂V lai V qu＂, the properties of subjectivity and cohesion are also increased.