第二语言学习者汉语中介语易混淆词及其研究方法

On Confusable Words in Chinese Inter-language and Related Research Methods

第二语言学习者汉语中介语中的词汇错误可概括为词语误用、自造词语和径用母语词三种类型,其中词语误用最为普遍。大量词语误用的心理根源在于词语混淆,误用只是词语混淆的外在表现。频率较高、分布广泛的误用词与当用词为易混淆词。易混淆词有一对一、一对多和多对多等不同的关系类型及单向、双向两种误用的方向。测查中介语易混淆词应区分学习群体的母语背景,可以采用自然观察、语料库统计、特定语言任务诱导、基于汉外词汇对比进行预测和验证、相关词连类探查等具体方法。中介语易混淆词辨析应对准混淆点,力求贯通词义特征与词语搭配规则的关联,适度引入汉外词汇对比以揭示致误原因。

Vocabulary mistakes made by second language learners can be categorized as word- misusing, non-words and using one＇ s native language directly, among which word-misusing is the most common one. Word-misusing is only a surface phenomenon, and the psychological root of word- misusing is confusion between words, in one-to-one, one-to-multiple or multiple-to-multiple relation- ships and unidirectional or hi-directional ways. Confusable words should be inspected separately according to different native language backgrounds of the learners. And methods such as natural observation, statistics of corpus, specific task introduction, prediction based on contrasting Chinese and foreign languages, verification and exploration of related words, etc. can be taken. In discriminating a group of confusable words, the most confusable part should be paid more attention and meaning characters of the words should be associated with their collocation rules. Moreover, comparison between Chinese and foreign languages should be taken to unveil the causes of mistakes.