人力资本与户籍歧视——基于浙江省企业职工调查数据的研究

Human Capital and Huji Discrimination:An Analysis Based on Enterprise Employee Data in Zhejiang

利用最近浙江省企业职工调查数据所进行的关于人力资本对城乡户籍歧视影响的研究结果显示,工资差异的80%是由个体特征差异引起的,另外20%是由歧视造成的;城乡户籍歧视主要发生在高中组,该群体的受歧视程度高达45.9%。其次为大学组和初中组,分别为29.5%和-2.0%。这一结果使那种认为教育程度的提高能够降低受歧视程度的假说在中国城乡劳动力市场上得不到很好的验证。另一种补充的假说,即职业竞争假说认为,由于民工荒的存在,低学历的农民工在差的职业岗位上供不应求,其岗位竞争激烈程度较弱,因此歧视影响较小,而高中组遭受严重歧视是因为职业岗位竞争激烈,使得该群体的一部分在同等条件下接受低于城市本地人的工资收入。消除城乡户籍歧视和工资差异,关键在于建立公平、公正和平等的就业环境。

This paper uses the latest enterprise employee data of Zhejiang Province to examine the impact of human capital on the huji discrimination. We find that 80% of the total urban-rural wage differentials can be interpreted by the differences of individual characteristics and 20% by the effects of the discrimination. We also divide our samples into three groups, which are secondary school, high school and college workers, to find out which group is prone to discrimination in the labor market. We find that discrimination mainly occurres in the high school worker group, for which the discrimination portion is up to 45.9%, while the numbers for the secondary school and college groups are -2.0% and 29.5% respectively. So the assumption thateducation can reduce the unexplained gap is not approved well in China＇s urban-rural labor market. We propose another compensation supposition that high school workers are faced with more occupational competition in the labor market and some of them have to accept wages lower than the local residents. Because of migrant worker shortage, migrant workers with lower education do not have to experience fierce competition and are not deeply affected by discrimination. Furthermore, this finding indicates that to establish equal environment is the key measure to eliminate the huji discrimination and wage differentials.