我国城乡老年人口生活质量比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Quality of Life of Urban and Rural Elderly Population in China

老年人口的核心问题是生活质量问题,对老年人口主观幸福感的关注有助于提高老年人口的生活质量。基于杭州市城乡老年人口主观幸福感的调查研究发现,城市老年人比农村老年人具有更强烈的主观幸福感。子女孝顺是影响城市和农村老年人主观幸福感的最主要因素;经济状况、对社区工作满意度、婚姻,性别等也是共同影响因素,但影响程度在城市和农村间存在差异。此外,在城市模型中,自我照料程度、子女个数等个人特征因素对老年人主观幸福感影响显著;在农村模型中,经济来源、对权益受侵害后的处理方式等经济和社会保障因素对老年人主观幸福感影响显著。总之,城乡老年人对提高生活质量的需求不同,城市老年人已侧重于对精神的需求,而农村老年人首先还需要物质的满足。

Quality of life of the elderly population is of an increasing concern, and the understanding of the subjective well-being of the elderly population will help improve it. Based on data from a survey of urban and rural elderly people in Hangzhou, we econometrically analyzed its demographic characteristics, including parent child relationship, economic conditions, physical and mental health, living conditions. It is found that urban elders are happier than rural elders. Children＇s filial piety has a significant effect and is the most important factor for the subjective well-being of both urban and rural elderly populations. Economic conditions, job satisfaction, marriage, sex are the other common factors, but the degree of influence is different between urban and rural populations. In addition, there are still some different influential factors： in urban model are the personal characteristics, such as self-care and the number of children, while in the rural model are the economic and social security factors such as income sources and theapproach to protect themselves when their rights and interests are violated. In short, there are different needs for urban and rural elderly people to improve their quality of life. While urban elders focus on spiritual needs, rural elders still need to meet the material ones first.