我国网络环境下著作权许可模式研究

The Copyright Licensing Mode in the Cyber-Space in China

著作权的许可使用是著作权行使的主要方式之一。在网络环境下,著作权的许可面临着重重障碍。著作权是一种私权。著作权的保护和限制,体现了著作权法的利益平衡精神。作品的使用一般应当获得著作权人的许可。国外网络环境下存在着著作权集体管理、补偿金制度、知识共享等著作权许可途径,这些途径对我国有一定借鉴意义。鉴于我国现有的著作权许可途径存在着一些问题,从著作权法的基本精神出发,我国应当建立如下适应网络环境的著作权许可模式:以著作权集体管理为著作权许可的基本途径,同时也鼓励多样化的著作权许可途径,包括知识共享、补偿金、授权要约、超星模式等等。这些许可途径应当充分利用现有的数字、网络技术,尽量降低交易成本。

Copyright licensing is one of the main forms of copyright. In the Cyber-Space, there are lots of obstacles to copyright licensing. It is difficult to get mass copyright licensing. Therefore it is an inevitable task to discuss the mass copyright licensing mode, in order that copyright law can adapt itself to technological developments. Copyright is a private right. The protection and limit of copyright manifest the interests balance doctrine of copyright law. As far as copyright protection is concerned, use of copyrighted works should be authorized beforehand. It is the theoretical precondition to discuss the mass copyright licensing mode. There are several copyright licensing forms in the West, such as collective copyright management, levy, creative commons, etc. They are helpful in perfecting China＇s copyright law. The existing copyright licensing forms in China have some defects. According to the fundamental spirit of copyright laws, a copyright licensing mode which is accommodated to the Cyber-Space should be proposed. Such a copyright licensing mode should take copyright collective management as the basic copyright licensing form.Meanwhile, this mode should also include diverse copyright licensing forms, such as creative commons, levy, License-Offer, Chaoxing Mode, and so on. These copyright licensing forms should make full use of digital technology and Internet technology to reduce exchange costs.