解析“创意产业”概念

Deconstructing the Concept of 'Creative Industries'

在英国文化政策制定者那里,"创意产业"和"文化产业"是可以互换的概念。但实际上,它们的含义和用法是不同的。本文试图区别这两个不同的概念并指出,不管"创意产业"这个概念在英国政府那里多有影响力,但就文化而言,这的确是个错误的用法。首先,它混淆或合并了文化和创意这两个不同的概念。这一方面是因为对"文化"这一概念的混淆;另一方面,英国的创意产业概念已经与知识经济结为一体,文化也被打上了经济烙印。结果是"创意产业"这一定义并没有考虑到文化的特性与重要性——在政策条款中,创意艺术被包含进一个并无文化内容的概念之中。

＂Creative industries＂ and ＂cultural industries＂ are terms that tend to be used interchangeably by UK policymakers. However their meanings and uses are in fact very different. In this paper we will be exploring the differences between the two and arguing that, despite how influential it has become, the creative industries definition adopted by the British government is ill conceived in relation to culture. First, it confuses or conflates culture and creativity, two quite different concepts. This is partly because of tenninological confusion about the word culture, which we will look at later in more detail. Second, we argue that the UK creative industries definition is wedded to notions of the knowledge economy, within which culture is valued primarily for its economic contribution. The result is a creative industries definition that fails to take account of the importance and distinctiveness of culture - in policy terms the creative arts have been subsumed within a concept which, as we shall show, has no cultural content at all.