公共场所疏散引导人静态布局优化算法及其应用

Optimization Algorithm for Static Location of Evacuation Leader in Public Facilities and Its Application

采用最大覆盖选址问题的求解思路,提出了公共场所疏散引导人静态布局优化的拉格朗日松弛算法.结合引导人静态布局的特点,重点探讨了考虑和不考虑公共场所中被疏散人员分布状况的两种情况下的优化布局,并在MA-ESM模型的支持下,通过与人为布设引导人方式的模拟结果进行对比,评价了这两种优化布局的模拟效果。结果表明:引导人静态布局的优化不仅有利于充分发挥每个引导人的作用,提高疏散效率,而且可以确定布设引导人的最佳位置和特定公共场所中所需引导人的最大数量;同时考虑公共场所内被疏散人员分布状况下的优化布局能够有的放矢地调度引导人,提高引导效率。

A heuristic algorithm based on the Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithm was proposed for the static location optimization of evacuation leader in public facilities, by which the static location of the evacuation leader with and without considerations of the occupant’s layout in public facilities was analyzed. The evacuation results in two optimized cases were simulated and compared with the result in the case of artificial location of the evacuation leader based on the MA-ESM model. It is indicated that location optimization of the evacuation leader not only helps to take full advantage of the evacuation leader so as to improve evacuation efficiency, but also helps to make certain the best locations and the maximum of the evacuation leader in a given public facilities. Furthermore, location optimization of the evacuation leader with consideration of the occupant’s layout is proved to be more effective in improving the evacuation efficiency.