“人生派”文学的历史沉浮与当代意义

Historical Ups and Downs of Literature "For Life" and Its Current Significance

在中国现代文学史上,"人生派"文学一直呈持续发展态势,以往论"为人生"文学,只关注"五四"这一块是不完整的。事实上,从"五四"到三四十年代,"人生派"文学都有强劲表现,且不断趋于成熟,显示其无可漠视的价值。由于"人生派"文学是接受欧洲文学思潮形成的,关注人、关注人生又是一个相当宽泛的话题,所以"人生派"文学还有更拓展的内涵。它有两种最基本的形态:一种是注重"社会性"的"人生派",带有显著时代民族特色和较强社会功利色彩;另一种是主张"浑然的人生的艺术",有较大的宽泛性和包容性,从宽泛意义上讲,"京派文学"也可纳入"泛称"的"人生派"。"人生派"文学已逐渐积淀成为中国新文学的一种优良传统,但因其与"艺术派"、阶级文学的对立,在现代中国的特定时代语境中,它既有顺利发展的幸遇,也有曲折前行的历程,甚至还有夹缝中生存的尴尬。检视其历史遭遇,对于我们深入认识、有效继承这个传统的经验是不无益处的。在当下文学由于过重"私人化"写作而使文学的接受形势变得日益严峻的时候,从文学关注人生、人生也关注文学的历史和现实中,汲取一些有益的经验和教训尤为必要。

In the history of modern Chinese literature, the literature ＂for life＂ has been keeping a consistent development. The formation of the literature ＂for life＂ was influenced by the European literary trend, and it is a broad topic to concern with human being and their life, which could have a more widened connotation. The literature ＂for life＂ has gradually come into being an excellent tradition for Chinese new literature. But it has, in the process of its development, twists and turns along with its lucky context in the special time in China, as it opposed to the factions, such as ＂art for the art＇s sake＂ and ＂literature of class struggle＂. At present, because of the emphasis on ＂private writing＂, the situation of literary reception has become daily worse. It is necessary to learn from history and reality the experience that literature should concern with human life.