宋代史学的政治功利主义与春秋宋学——蠡测宋代史学成就的另一面

The Political Utilitarianism of the Song Dynasty Historiography and the Song Studies of the Spring and Autumn——Characteristics of Another Aspect of Song Dynasty Historiography's Achievement

宋代"春秋学"仰承中晚唐以来的新学风,舍传求经,引领宋学兴起。首先,史家的史著中大量注入尊王为核心的《春秋》精神,经、史趋于合流。其次,史家以表彰《春秋》尊王之旨为职志,赋予史学以强烈的政治功利主义色彩。第三,史家以《春秋》大义绳历代群史,司马迁改编年为纪传,刘知V作《史通》疑古惑经,皆受到激烈抨击。第四,《春秋》义例被奉为史家极则。史家发挥所谓"春王正月"之义,厘定年序,为宋廷争正统;效《春秋》书法,严格义例,彰显尊王之旨,严责臣节以重教化。第五,宋代"春秋学"家突出强调《春秋》的"尊王"理念而少讲"攘夷",高唱尊王,鞭挞一切僭上乱名之举,造成舆论压力。史家皈依天理,共同推动史学走向理学化。

In Song Dynasty, the historians＇ consciousness and enthusiasm which serves for the order of existing abstract feudal rule have reached the peak in history. The need of the feudal monarchy and the coherence of the pursuing direction of historians＇ academic ideal force the historiography high prosperity. The compilation level of Song Dynasty History has surpassed forefathers. But as cognitive tools, it is very little for the impelling action of the historical cognition.