云南烤烟大田期气候对烟叶品质的影响

Influence of Climate During Field Growing Season on Quality of Tobacco Leaf in Yunnan Province

基于近年的最新研究成果和文献,应用烟草生态学和栽培学理论论证和提炼云南烤烟气候的独特性,解译云南烟叶品质风格特点形成的气候成因,分析云南烤烟气候的优势和不足,对提高云南烟叶质量和做好烟草种植规划有重要指导意义。论文强调气候三因素的匹配和时段分配对烟叶品质影响的重要性。云南烤烟生长季内光、温、水三因素在总量上无任何优势,但在大田生长前、中、后期的光、温、水时段分配和匹配上颇具独特性,是云南烟叶含糖量较高、烟碱和氮含量适中、石油醚提取物偏低、钾氯含量不高的主要气候成因;中高海拔区光照对温度的补偿效应和较高的温度有效性,以及地膜覆盖栽培的增温效应,是云南烤烟种植海拔上限高和适宜植烟面积大的重要原因。

Based on the research results and literatures in recent years, the uniqueness of the climate for the cured tobacco in Yunnan Province was demonstrated by using tobacco ecology and cultivation theory, and the cause of the climate formation, and the advantage and the disadvantage of the climate for the quality peculiarity of Yunnan flue-cured tobacco was analyzed. The importance of the matching and the distribution of the radiation, temperature and precipitation during the field growing season were emphasized. Generally the climate conditions including the radiation, temperature and precipitation during the tobacco growing season did not have any advantages. But the matching and the distribution of the radiation, temperature and precipitation during the field growing season were unique, which was the main cause of the climate formation for a high flue-cured tobacco quality in higher sugar content, moderate nicotinamide and nitrogen content, partial low petroleum aether extract, and low kalium and chlorine content. The compensative effects of the radiation for the temperature increased the effectiveness of the temperature in the mid- dle and high altitude regions. The application of the plastic film mulching in tobacco cultivation bad a calefacient effect. These were the important reason that the flue-cured tobacco growing in Yunnan Province expanded to the upper limit of the altitude for tobacco growing with larger suitable growing areas.