西汉八校尉军事建置考辨

A Textual Research for the Military System of the Eight Xiaowei in the Western Han Dynasty

西汉八校尉是指武帝在京师长安设置的中垒、屯骑、步兵、越骑、长水、胡骑、射声、虎贲八个校尉。古今众多学者认为中垒校尉统领其他七校,且这八校尉及其所率军队均属北军范围。然在汉代史籍中,仅见中垒校尉掌北军营垒内军务的相关记载,尚未发现其统领其他七校尉的确凿证据。此外,无论是从组织系统、驻军地点,还是建军意图方面分析,中垒校尉以外的七个校尉都不在北军之列。

The Eight Xiaowei in the Western Han Dynasty refers to the eight official titles, named and established by Emperor Wu in the capital of Chang＇an, including Zhonglei, Tunqi, Bubin, Yueqi, Changshui, Huqi, Sheshen and Huben. Many scholars from the ancient time to the present hold that these eight officers as well as their troops belong to the North Army with Zhonglei as the general leader. But, according to the historical record of the Han Dynasty, only Zhonglei undertakes some military affair without any authentic record about the general leader of Zhonglei. Furthermore, either from the organizational system and the garrison location, or from the analysis of the intention of establishing the army, the other seven Xiaowei are not among the North Army.