第三人侵害债权行为构成要件研究

On the infringes of the creditor's right by the third party

第三人侵害债权制度近年来在理论界和司法实务界引起了热烈的讨论,主要原因在于该制度跨越了合同法和侵权法两大领域,对传统的民法理论提出重大挑战。传统理论认为债权系一种相对权,债权人只能向债务人请求履行债务,如果债务人不履行债务,债权人只能向债务人请求承担违约责任,而不得向债的关系以外的人主张任何权利。但是现实生活中存在大量的第三人侵害债权的案例,迫切需要立法予以明确规定。19世纪末以来,各国均逐步突破债的相对性,通过立法、学说和判例逐渐对第三人侵害债权予以承认。我国理论界和实务界都承认这一特殊侵权类型,但是在具体构成要件上尚缺乏深入探讨。

The creditor＇s right has attracted heated discussions in the field of law. It is related to the contract law and infringes of the creditor＇s right. This gives rise to challenges to the traditional theory of the civil law, which stipulates that the creditor only claims the right for the debtor＇s performance of the debt, and for any infringes due to the breach of contract should the debtor fail to perform properly. However, the creditor＇s right is infringed by a third party in the reality. Hence the writer of the paper suggests that infringes of the creditor＇s right by the third party be recognized by law.