从马克思、韦伯到哈贝马斯:关于现代性异化的批判与反思

From Marx and Webber to Habermas——Reflections on the alienation of modernity

随着工具理性的日益强大,现代性越来越表现出异化性特征,从而丧失了对人类基本价值和意义的关注。马克思、韦伯和哈贝马斯从不同视角分析了现代性异化的演变流程,揭示了现代性在寻求人类获得效率的行为模式的进化过程中,铸就了一个缺少价值和意义的机械化"铁的牢笼"。为了消解现代性异化带给人类的风险,马克思、韦伯和哈贝马斯在批判反思的基础上提出了不同的路径选择。虽然,现代性的异化现象并未完全按照马克思、韦伯和哈贝马斯所设计的方案退出历史的舞台,但马克思尊重人的存在价值的思想却启发了我们从另一个思路,即从文化语境的视角消解现代性异化的可能性。

With the expansion of the instrumental rationality, the modernity has developed alienation, so the fundamental human values and significance are no longer attended to. Marx, Webber and Habermas have applied different perspectives of the alienation of modernity, and concluded that human beings have pursued a behavioral mode of efficiency, and made a so-called mechanized iron cage. They have, at the meanwhile, attempted different approaches to reduce the risks of the alienation of modernity.