马克思与康有为对中国社会进程的预见——为改革开放三十年而作

Marx and Kang You-wei's Foresights of China's Social Progress and Their Revelation——Written for the 30-year Reform and Opening up

马克思和恩格斯早在1850年就为中国取下了"中华民国"的名字,并一直将中国社会定位为一个前资本主义社会。康有为既独创了一套关于人类大同的理论体系,又把人类历史分为据乱世、升平世(小康)和太平世(大同)三个次序严格的阶段。据此,他认为中国处在从据乱世向升平世转变的时期,并坚决反对任何跨越发展的主张,还明确预言了跨越的可怕后果。然而,马克思没有料到,中国后来在前资本主义的基础上建立起了以马克思主义为指导思想的社会主义制度,并在头三十年激进地推行共产主义和康有为的大同理想,导致了被康有为所不幸而言中的巨大灾难。所幸的是,中国毕竟走上了改革开放的正道。三十年后的今天,我们建构起与世界现代化进程接轨的社会主义市场经济体制,并把全面建设小康社会作为发展目标。本文通过上述回顾和比较偶得几点启示,谨作为对改革开放三十周年的纪念。

As early as 1850 Marx and Engels give China the name＂Republic of China＇and thought the then China＇s society is pre -capitalism. Kang You -wei creates a set of theoretical system of human great unity and divides human history into three times of chaos, comfort and great unity. He thinks China is in the period from chaos to comfort and is against any claims of skipping. In addition, he clearly predicts skipping will bring about dreadful calamities. Contrary to Marx, a socialist system is established in China. In the first 30 years since its founding, China carries out the ideals of communism and great unity by Kang You - wei, lead- ing to calamities. Fortunately, China takes the road of reform and opening up. Now we have set up a socialist market economy and take a comfortable life as a development goal. This paper is written to commemorate the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up.