垄断劳动力市场、最低工资限制和不平等

Monopoly Power in Labor Market,Minimum Wage and Income Inequality

关于劳动力垄断市场对于加总经济和社会福利水平的影响,现有主流经济学已经有了很规范的结论,即垄断肯定会造成产出水平和社会福利水平的损失。本论文主要分析劳动力市场的垄断对不平等的影响以及最低工资限制对不平等的作用。本论文的分析表明:首先,同完全竞争的劳动力市场相比,完全垄断市场肯定会加剧不平等;其次,即使在完全竞争劳动力市场下,最低工资限制对不平等的影响也是不一定的,它具体取决于均衡状态劳动需求弹性的大小;最后,在劳动力市场存在买方垄断的情况下,高于完全垄断市场工资水平的最低工资限制肯定会使得失业和不平等同时改善。

This paper focuses on the effect of monopsony power in labor market and minimum wage on income inequality.The study indicates that,first,compared with perfectly competitive labor market,monopsony power in labor market definitely increases income inequality.Second,even in a perfectly competitive labor market,the effect of minimum wage on income inequality is uncertain,the sign of which depends on the elasticity of demand in labor market.Finally,in a labor market with monopsony power,minimum wage above equilibrium monopoly level will improve both employment and income inequality.