科尔沁沙地乌兰敖都地区荒漠化动态监测

Dynamic Monitoring of Desertification in the Ulan'aodu Region in Horqin Sandland

利用科尔沁沙地乌兰敖都荒漠化试验站的监测资料,从植被、土壤、水分、气象和沙尘暴等方面分析了乌兰敖都地区的荒漠化发展动态。结果表明:近10年内气温有暖温化趋势,但灾害天气没有明显增加;流动沙丘侵蚀最严重,沙丘平均移动速率为2.2 m/a;人工植被发展良好,但原生草场的可持续发展能力有所下降;地下水位没有明显下降趋势。目前,科尔沁沙地乌兰敖都地区土地荒漠化呈逆转趋势,整体环境有所改善。

In this paper, the dynamic desertification trend in the Ulan＇aodu region in Horqin Sandland is analyzed from the aspects of vegetation, soil moisture content, groundwater level, meteorological factors, sandstorm occurrence, etc. based on the data observed by Ulan＇aodu Station for Desertification Control Experiment, the station is located in Horqin Sandland and is one of the monitoring network stations of Department of Desertification Control, State Forestry＂ Administration of China. The results reveal that the air temperature in this region is increased in a small extent in recent 10 years under global.climate warming, and the effect of such temperature increase on the vegetation and other aspects is not so serious. The change of occurring frequency of disaster weather, such as sand- storm, is not so obvious. Sandstorm in this region occurs generally during the periods from March to May and from October to November, which affects cultivation and harvest of crops. Soil erosion over mobile sand dunes is severer than that over fixed sand dunes, and the annual movement of sand dunes is about 2.2 m; soil erosion occurs sel- dom in the fenced and grazing steppes. In this region, the artificial vegetation is retained a favorable development trend, and more and more mobile sand dunes are gradually fixed. However, the sustainable development capability of grazing steppes is decreased to some extent. The average groundwater level is 1.48 m, and there is no obvious drawdown of groundwater level. Although the status of desertification in Horqin Sandland is still serious now, but a reverse trend has occurred in the Ulan＇aodu region, and the entironment there has been improved.