戒毒药可乐定不良反应监测

Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reaction of Clonidine Used for the Abstinence from Heroin

对69例用可乐定脱毒治疗的海洛因成瘾者进行药物不良反应(ADR)监测。结果表明:69例海洛因成瘾者可乐定ADR者69例,517例次,ADR发生率为100％;ADR表现最多的是口干(100％),乏力(100％),精神不振(100％),眩晕(95.6％),嗜睡(72.5％)等;这些症状出现时间较早,持续时间也较长;出现例次和权重总分在治疗2～4d最为严重,5d逐渐减轻;血压和心率在治疗2～5d多有下降,其中血压有15.9％患者,心率有8.7％患者低于正常值;幻觉和谵妄的出现率分别为11.6％和33.3％。针对可乐定不良反应发生率高,较为严重的研究结果,建议加强医疗护理工作,预防其不良反应所造成的危害。

Adverse drug reactions of clonidine used for the abstinence from heroin abuse were monitored. Our results showed that adverse drug reactions were found in 100% of all 69 heroin addicts (517 person-times). The commonest symptoms were xerostomia (100%), asthenia (100%), lassitade (100%), ver- tigo (95-6%) and somnolence (72-5%) etc. The occurrence time of these symptoms was relatively early and the duration was long. The onset times and weighted total score were largest on the 2nd and 5th days after treatment and gradually decreased 5 days after the treatment. The blood pressure and heart rate were in the 2nd and 5th days after treatment in most of the patients. And blood pressure in 15.9% of the patients and heart rate in 8.7% of the patients were lower than the normal values. The rates of hallucination and delirium were 11.6% and 33.3%, respectively. These findings suggested that the incidence of clonidine-related ADRs was very high and in some cases, the ADRs were very serious. Care should be taken to prevent the dangerous consequence caused by such adverse drug reacions.