对土地利用基本特性的新认识

The new Recognition to the Essential Properties of Land Use

建国以来，一切在计划经济的原则下，片面强调了土地作为资源——生产资料的一方面，而忽略了经济特性的一方面。随着市场经济的发展，必须强调土地的自然和经济的双重性。本文用动态的观点，从土地利用的各个方面论述了土地在利用过程中表现出来的主要特性，较为全面地继承和发展了土地利用特性的认识观，提出了：土地地理位置的固定性与相对位置的可变性的相对统一、土地利用的永续性与土地利用的可退化性的相对统一、土地物质投入产出报酬的递减性与科技投入产出报酬的递增性的相对统一以及土地利用适应市场价格变动的缓慢性等六个土地利用的基本特性。我们认为，这一观点将对我国土地利用管理理论和制度的发展产生积极作用。

Since the establishment of the people's republic of China, everything was under the instruction the principles of planned economy.Land,as resources,namely means of production,was emphasized unilaterally,but its economic properties were ignored.With the development of market directed economy,both the natural and economic properties of land must be stressed.This article,using dynamic view,from each aspect of land use,which expounds the main properties of land that disaplayed during the process of land use,which more comprehensively inherit and develop the views on land use properties,and conclude the following six land use properties such as the relative unification of geographical position of land being fixed and its relative position being changeable; the relative unification of land use being sustainable and it also being retrograde; the relative unification of the return of material inputout put on land decreasing progressively and the return of science and technology inputout put on land increasing successively; and land use adapting to the change of market price being slow. We think that the idea will act a positive role during the development of land management theory and system.