石家庄市大气能见度变化特征及其与大气颗粒物碳成分的关系

Characteristics of Atmospheric Visibility and Its Relationship with Particulate Matter in Shijiazhuang

近年石家庄市大气能见度逐年下降,影响其下降因素的报道罕见.运用SPSS11.5统计软件从影响能见度下降的气象因素和空气污染两方面分析其变化特征,并基于首次利用数码图像技术对石家庄市大气透明度观测的结果,划分能见度等级.在能见度最好的春季和较差的夏季,于不同能见度等级下采集PM10样品,运用元素分析仪测定总碳组分.结果显示:石家庄市大气能见度有明显的季节变化,春季最好,夏冬季最差.能见度与相对湿度有较好的负相关,与PM10质量浓度秋冬季相关性较大,春夏季相关性最小.总碳质量浓度水平中等偏高,且春季小于夏季,春季在去除采暖期影响后,总碳质量浓度值更低.总体上,能见度差时,总碳质量浓度偏大;能见度好时,总碳质量浓度偏小.

In Shijiazhuang the atmospheric visibility has been decreasing in recent years and few studies on its effect factors were reported. The characteristics of atmospheric visibility were analyzed in terms of key meteorological elements and air pollutions by SPSS11.5. The atmospheric visibility was divided into three ranks firstly based on the observed results from digital imaging. In the best spring and the bad summer of visibility,gathering the PM10 sample under the different visibility ranks, the total carbon mass concentration can be determined by the element analyzer. The results show that atmospheric visibility has the obvious seasonal variation. It is the best in spring and the worst in summer and winter .Among all the elements, relative humidity had the highest correlative coefficient with the visibility range. Other elements（PM10, wind speed and so on） influenced the visibility range to different degree in different seasons. The total carbon mass concentration in spring is lower than summer,and when heating time is excluded,the total carbon mass concentration in spring is much lower. Generally, the atmospheric visibility has significant negative correlation with the concentration of the total carbon mass.