德里达“异延”解构主义翻译观及其理论启示

On Derrida's Différance Deconstruction and its Possible Application in Translation Studies

从"异延"的内涵和解构主义的语言观可以看出:任何语言符号的组成要素都不是自足的,而是与周围其他成分有着漫无头绪的复杂关系,既带有其他符号的印迹,但又彼此有别,并在形成差异时突显自身的价值。由这一逻辑出发,延伸到由符号构成的文本那里,很自然,德里达得出了作品终极不变的意义是不存在的结论。因此,德里达否认原文与译文的区分,认为原文与译文的关系是平等互补、"共生"的关系,是一种延续和创生的关系。他认为翻译是不断修改或推迟原文的过程以置换原文,是一种语言对另一种语言、一种文本对另一种文本"有调节的转换"。在德里达看来,"有调节的转换"比"翻译"这个术语更能反映翻译的特性,这是因为一种语言与另一种语言之间的转换没有纯粹的所指。因而德里达"主张用辨证的、动态的和发展的哲学观来看待翻译"。由于原文意义不可能确定,因而译者应充分发挥主观能动性来寻找原文意义,发掘出使原文存活的因素。在翻译的过程中,译者通过修改和转换,使原文成长、成熟,最终得到"再生"。

From the connotation of Derrida＇s differance and the language point of deconstructionism,a phenomenon can be found that the component sign of any language is not self-sufficient, but has a complex relationship with other elements involved, not only possesess the trace of other signs.also has their unique differences,which outstands their own value when forming the differences.According to the logic,Derrida reached a conclusion that the ultimate meaning of texts and works formed by signs does not exsit.So he denyed the differences between the original and the translated version,and held the view that their relationship is an extended and renewable symbiosis.He thought translation is a process of regulated transformation with continuos rewriting or delaying the presence of the original when transforming the original from one language to another,from one text to another.From Derrida＇s points of view,the regulated transformation of the original can speak more than the term of ＂translation＂due to the lack of the pure signified from one language to another.