关于陕北地区治理水土流失,建设生态农业的调查报告

Investigation Report on Controlling Soil Loss to Construct Ecological Agriculture in North Shaanxi Province

最近,我同有关部门的同志到陕西省的榆林地区和延安市,就治理水土流失、建设生态农业问题作了一些调查,感到他们的经验、做法很好,效果显著,颇受启发.榆林地处毛乌素沙漠与黄土高原过渡带.过去这里生态环境恶劣,风沙危害极其严重,大片农田、牧场和村庄被流沙侵蚀,建国初期林草覆盖率仅为1.8%.由于生态环境恶化,经济发展极为缓慢,群众生活困难.新中国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,榆林地区在国家的支持下,坚持不懈地开展固沙治沙,取得了明显的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益.到1996年底,沙区造林保存面积达97.33万hm^2,林草覆盖率达到38.9%,沙漠腹地营造万亩以上的成片林165块,建成总长1500km的4条大型防风固沙林带,固定半固定流沙40万hm^2,受风沙危害的10万hm^2农田基本实现林网化.与50年代相比,沙丘高度平均降低30%～50%,沙丘年移速从5～7.7m降为1.68m,每年流入黄河的泥沙由5.3亿t降到1.9亿t。

Yulin Prefecture is located in transition zone of Maowusu Desert and the Loess Plateau, and Yan' an City is located in rolling and gullied loess region of the Loess Plateau. In recent ten - odd years, Yulin Prefecture and Yan' an City have been taking soil loss control as strategic measure to get rid of poverty and get rich and have gained obvious benefit. Their methods are as follows: (1) Destroying forest for reclamation was changed into returning forest and grass, and extensive cultivation with low output into intensive cultivation with high output; (2) Sole development of grain production was changed into overall development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, side line and fishery with the consideration of different lands; (3) Single-measure control was changed into comprehensive control; (4) Modern machinery and advanced techniques were used and popularized to enhance management effect. An important experience is relaying on good policies to arouse soil and water conservation enthusiasm of peasants and other social strengths.