20世纪初俄国政治制度透析——根据六部制宪文件

An Analysis of the Russian political system in the early 20th century——based on the six constitutional documents

20世纪初俄国政治制度的演变问题日益引起学术界的注意,作为封建专制制度的总代表沙皇为什么走上立宪道路又在多大程度上接受立宪制度以及当时俄国社会制度的性质等问题正引起学者们的关注。以新公布的材料,选择一个新的研究视角,我们可以看出,从沙皇颁布的一系改革文件中,最具有代表性的六部法律文件,反映了俄国社会政治制度演变的轨迹。其结论是,沙皇接受立宪完全是形势所逼,虽然俄国勉强地由封建专制体制转向二元君主立宪体制,但是沙皇仍然居于国家权利的主导地位;而俄国真正实现社会政治制度的变革,其途径只能是通过革命。

The evolution of the Russian political system in the early twentieth century has inereasingly become an attractive attention in the academic field. As the chief representative of feudal system, why did Tsar take the road of constitution？ And how much extent＇did he accept the constitutional system？ All these issues including the nature of the then Russian social system are becoming the heated topics among the scholars at home and abroad. Based on the newly published materials and a new perspective, we can find that the most representative six law documents from a series of reform documents promulgated by Tsar reflect the track of the evolution in the Russian social and political system. The conclusion is that Tsar was obliged to accept the constitutional system owing to the requirement of the situation then. Although Russia was reluctant to change its system from the former feudal system to the dual monarchy, Tsar still held the power of the nation. However, the only way to really change the Russian social and political system is through revolution.