赣州地区水土保持股份合作制情况调查

Investigation on Stock Cooperation System for Soil and Water Conservation in Ganzhou Prefecture

江西是我国南方水土流失严重的省份之一,不少地方,水土流失已成为制约当地经济和社会发展的一个主要障碍.广大人民群众迫切要求加快水土流失治理步伐,以适应国民经济和社会发展对水土保持工作的需要.但是,由于水土保持是一项基础设施建设,需要大量的资金投入,而国家的财力又很有限,不可能拿出很多的钱来用于水土流失的治理.如何解决这一矛盾?带着这一问题,我们对赣州地区股份合作办水保的情况进行了调查.从信丰、安远、会昌、瑞金、于都等县市的情况看、股份合作办水保,是解决当前资金不足,加快水土流失治理的一条有效途径.1 治理水土流失是赣南经济发展的希望所在赣州地区是革命战争时期著名的红色根据地,也是贫困山区,总土地面积3.94万km^2,人口755.6万人,其中耕地面积仅有34.86万hm^2,人均不到0.067hm^2,但山丘面积很大,达3.24万km^2,占土地面积的83%.一方面由于当年战争时期山林遭受严重破坏,另一方面随着人口的逐渐增加,不合理地开发利用土地和植物资源的现象日趋严重,加之赣南山地主要是易于风化的花岗岩、紫色页岩、沙砾岩和第四纪红土区,所以水土流失十分严重,土壤侵蚀量大,大面积山地裸露,植被稀疏,仅有的山林,绝大多数是马尾松,林下缺少灌草植被。

There is 39. 4 thousand km2 of land area in Canzhou Prefecture of Jiangxi Province, in which mountainous area occupies 83 percent. Destruction of forests, increase of population, irrational exploitation and utilization of land caused the hillside bared and aggravate soil loss. There are four ways for Exploitation and harnessment of hillside in Canzhou Prefecture: contracted harnessment, renting-exploita-tion, auction of use right and stock cooperation system exploitation, in which stock cooperation system exploitation developed fast. Land, labor, technique and management all can be converted into stocks. In general condition, rent period of land is 30 ~ 50 years, the rental occupies 5 percent of the total output value, counting from the year when profit is gained; technique stock occupies 5 percent to 8 percent of the total stocks; stocks of labor, manure and investment are determined according to their actual inputs. There are three forms of management in stock cooperation exploitation area: managed by stockholders themselves, by specialized technicians invited, or by contractors. The interest and danger are shared according to the stocks.