纳米改性碳/酚醛树脂基复合材料性能研究

Study on properties of carbon/phenolic resin composite modified by nanostuctured materials

针对碳/酚醛树脂基复合材料层间剪切强度低的缺点,采用纳米填料进行改性。测试了2种纳米填料(纳米碳纤维、碳纳米管)改性后酚醛树脂的热解性能,研究了纳米填料对复合材料力学性能、烧蚀性能以及高温炭化后力学性能的影响,并观察分析了复合材料测试后的微观形貌。研究结果表明,纳米填料改性后,复合材料的力学性能、烧蚀性能均有所改善。其中,纳米碳纤维改性后复合材料的常温层间剪切强度达到24.9 MPa,氧乙炔线烧蚀率为22.75μm/s,质量烧蚀率为23.58 mg/s。纳米碳纤维表面粗糙,与树脂基体的界面强度高,因此其改性后的力学性能和烧蚀性能优于碳纳米管。

The nano - filler was used to improve the low inter - laminar shear strength of carbon/phenolic resin composite. The thermal decomposition performance of phenolic resin modified by two kinds of nano - filler（carbon nano - fibers （CNF） and carbon nano - tubes （CNTs））were tested. The effects of nano - fills on composite mechanical property, ablation property and the inter- laminar shear strength of composites carbonized at high temperature were studied. The micro - morphology of the composites after testing was observed and analyzed. The results showed that mechanical property and ablation property of modified composite were all improved. The inter - laminar shear strength at ambient temperature of composite modified by CNF was up to 24.9 MPa, oxygen - acetylene line - erosion rate reached 22.75 μm/s, mass - erosion rate was 23.58 mg/s. The surface of CNF was rough and the interface strength with resin matrix was higher, so the mechanical property and ablation property of modified composite by CNF were better than CNTs.