理性·新教伦理·科层制·自由民主政治——从《新教伦理与资本主义精神》解读韦伯政治社会学思想的起源

Rationality,Protestant Ethics,Bureaucracy and Democracy:The Interpretation of the Origin of Max Weber's Political Sociology Based on Protestant Ethics and Spirit of Capitalism

理性是近代政治学研究的一个最根本的出发点,也是我们研究马克斯.韦伯的政治社会学思想的逻辑起点。从宗教对政治影响的意义上来看,具有理性品质的新教伦理就不仅仅是一种宗教学说,而且还是一种政治学理论,它孕育了自由民主思想,催生了科层制。理性、新教伦理、科层制和自由民主政治四者相互包含、相互支撑,其合力催生了一个自由、民主、文明的现代社会。

Rationality, the fundamental factor in modem politics, is the logical starting point from which＇Max Weber＇ s political sociology is studied as well. In the sense of religious influence on politics, the Protestant Ethics with rationality,not only the theory of religion, but also the science of politics, gives birth to the idea of freedom and democracy as well as the bureaucracy system. They embody and support one another to build up a modem society of freedom, democracy and civilization with concerted efforts.