“轴心期”历史精神的失范——试论“弗洛伊德主义马克思主义”对现代文明的启示

The Loss of Historical Spirits of "Axial Period":On Enlightenment from Freudianism and Marxism upon Modern Civilization

历史哲学家雅斯贝尔斯曾经描绘人类历史的"轴心时期",但以轴心时期历史精神为主要内核发展起来的西方理性主义文化模式在20世纪遭遇了深刻的文化危机和焦虑,引起了普泛的文化反思和批判,其中马尔库塞的弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义站在"人本主义爱欲"的角度直指理性主义异化的现世,成为西方马克思主义文化批判理论一道亮丽的风景。他的思想对缓解西方理性主义文化危机或建立一种新的文化范式无疑具有重大启示。

Carl Jaspers, as a historian and philosopher, once defined the ＂Axial Period＂ in human history. However, the mode of the Rationalism culture in Western countries which was fostered on the basis＇of historical spirits of ＂Axial Period＂ encountered fundamental culture crisis and anxiety, causing common culture introspective and critic. Among them, Marcus＇ theory of Freudianism ＆ Marxism which is based on the ground of Humanism＇ s Eros puts forward its critic toward the circumstance of dissimilation of Rationalism, making its theory glitter scenery among Western culture critical theory of Marxism. His thoughts will undoubtedly have great influence on relief of the Rationalism culture crisis and provide enlightenment of the establishment of a new culture mode.