开封市化肥河污灌区小麦重金属含量及其健康风险评价

Health Risk Assessment of Wheat Seeds Heavy Metals in the Sewage Irrigation Area of Huafei River,Kaifeng City

在野外调查和室内化学分析的基础上,应用美国环境保护局健康风险评价模型,对开封市化肥河污灌区小麦子粒重金属(Cd、As、Pb和Cu)所致健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,污灌区小麦子粒已经发生重金属富集。由膳食途径所致健康风险中,化学致癌物Cd和As的个人年风险均在10-4a-1水平,超过了国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5a-1);非化学致癌物Pb和Cu的个人年风险均低于ICRP最大可接受风险水平;化学致癌重金属的个人年风险占总年风险的99.8%。污灌区各样点小麦子粒重金属个人总年风险超过ICRP最大可接受风险水平6～42倍,对人群存在着明显的健康风险。对照区因农药和化肥的施用,也存在一定的致癌重金属健康风险危害,但远小于污灌区。

Based on field work and experiments analysis,using United States Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） health risk assessment model, this paper assessed the harm of heavy metals in wheat seeds on public health in Huafei river sewage irrigation area of Kaifeng. The results showed that heavy metals enriched in wheat seeds of sewage irrigation area. The health risk of Cd and As to the individual person per year were both at 10^-4a^-1 , which were significantly higher than the maximum allowance levels recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Proteetion（ICRP）（5 × 10^-5a^-1）. The heahh risk to the individual person per year through ingestion caused by non-car cinogens of Cu and Ph both were lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP. The health risk of chemical carcinogens caused 99.8% personal annual risk. The total health risk of chemical carcinogens and non-carcinogens for one person was more 6-42 times than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP （5× 10^-5a^-1）. So consuming the wheat of sewage irrigation area may pose health risk. The health risk of chemical carcinogens also present in the control area because of pesticides and chemical fertilizers using, but much lower than that of in the sewage irrigation area.