苗语对生态认知的表达

The Hmong Linguistic Expression of Ecologic Cognition

苗族文化在适应所处生态环境的过程中,积累了丰富的生态知识,包括对生物物种的认知和区别、对生物间互动生存方式的理解与把握、对生物资源利用的表达、对不同生态系统的认知与区别等。这些生态知识在苗族的言语活动中不可避免地把本民族生态认知加以充分的展示,致使我们生物剖析苗语,发现其对生态认知有规范和细密的表达。本文仅以苗语地名、物种分类名、物种专用名以及广为流传的苗族谚语和歌谣祭词为研究对象,揭示苗语中所表达的生态知识和生态理念。

In the course of adapting to the environment in which they live, the Hmong have accumulated plenty of ecologic knowledge, including the cognition and classification of biological species, the understanding and grasp of the interactive living patterns among biological species, the utility of biological resources, and the cognition and classification of different ecologic systems. The above ecologic knowledge is fully and inevitably revealed through their own linguistic activities, by analysis of which in biological perspective, a regular and accurate expression concerned with ecologic cognition is achieved. Based on the objects of study such as Hmong place-names, Hmong biological species taxonomy, special names of species, and wide-spread Hmong proverbs, ballads, and sacred songs, this paper has probed into ecologic knowledge and notion expressed in Hmong language.