汉语称呼语的使用和变化

The Usage and Variation of Chinese Address Forms

称呼语是每一种语言的词汇系统中重要的组成部分,在语言交际中的使用频率较高。在任何社会中,称呼语都是人们建立和保持联系的不可缺少的语言手段,它能够十分明显地表明人与人之间的各种社会关系,也最为容易识别社会集团和语言之间的相关因素。正确及恰当地使用称呼语能较为容易地促进人与人之间的进一步交往。中国人在称呼语的使用上十分考究,称呼语的划分极其细致。本文试图就汉语几种主要的称呼语来谈谈它们的类型、使用、差异及不同时期的使用变化。

Address terms compose the important part of every language vocabulary. In any society, address terms are very necessary to build and maintain contacts between people. People are using address terms to define their relationship to each other, to identify themselves as part of a social group,and to establish the kind of speech event they are in. Using address terms correctly can improve mutual communication. In China, address terms are divided elaborately, and people use them subtly. This paper tries to study the forms, usages,differences of Chinese address terms and the variations in different periods.