行政征收权与私有财产权的冲突与协调——以财产保护方式为视角

On Conflict and Symmetry between Private Property Rights and Eminent Domain—From the Perspective of Protection of the Citizen Property Rights

私有财产权的重要性、正当性需要法律对它加以保护,行政征收权的必要性、补充性又需要法律允许对私有财产权的适当的侵犯,这使我们面临了一个两难处境。当交易成本过高,且该交易对社会整体而言为绝对公共利益(即不包含商业利益)时,应适用责任规则;当交易成本低,且为了保护私人对财产的主观价值以减少或降低反向成本时,应适用财产规则的保护方式。目前我国宜将保护重心向公民一方倾斜即对私人财产的保护采用财产规则的方式,以防止反向成本,维护公民对法律的感情及预期。但此种倾斜性的采取财产规则似乎仍应建立在利益的权衡、取舍之上。

The importance and justifiability of private property rights require protection of the law, while the complement and necessity of eminent domain allow appropriate restriction to the private property rights, thus it leads us to a legal conundrum. In essence, this is a problem of choice of protective way to the citizen property right, i. e. the applying of property rule or liability rule in different situations. By comparing these two rules, we can get a general con- clusion： When transaction costs are high and this transaction refers to strict public interest（without business interest）, liability rule applies to it; While when transaction costs are low and there is a need to protect the subjective valuations of the owner in order to reduce denormalization costs and to protect the citizen＇ s affection to law, then property rule is applied. Whereas the abuse of Eminent Domain in China nowadays, we should put special protection on private property in order to reduce denormalization costs and to protect the citizen＇ s affection to law and the affection from law. But this inclining protection should still build up on weighing and choice of the benefits.