对死生的探求与抉择——嵇康和阮籍生死意识之比较

A Comparison of the Awareness of Death and Life between Ji Kang and Ruan Ji

面对死亡枕藉的现实历史境遇,阮籍、嵇康对死生进行着痛苦的思考与探寻,突显出他们浓烈的生死意识。在死亡的观照下,阮籍以对现实的激烈批判、否定,甚而走向幻灭的人生,但最终难以摆脱现实生命的沉重;嵇康以对现实的抨击反抗却犹肯定人生,希图在自然的怀抱中寻求闲适自得的人生,却以生命的被戕杀为代价,两者无疑都是不幸的。但两者由于其家庭背景、思想和人格追求等互有同异,他们对死生的探求与抉择亦是互有异同的,这主要表现在三个方面:一是触目伤心的死生浩叹;二是对本体生命的眷恋和对现实人生的执著;三是对个体生命有限性的超越。

Facing to the history full of death and their real life situations, Ji Kang and Ruan Ji both had tried hard to think about the death, which showed their own awareness of death and life. With their different understanding, these two great poets in Three Kingdoms had different attitude towards death and life and different life ends. In this article, the authors have made a comparison between the sameness and differences in their awareness of death and life, which lies in three aspects： their sighs about death and life, their love to life and their patience to life, and their transcendence to their life as an individual.