市场原理对日本大学改革的影响——以日本国立大学为例

Influence of the Market Principle on the Reform of Japanese Universities——Taking Nagoya University as an Example

从20世纪80年代开始日本就提出国际化、信息化、高度化、多样化等高等教育的发展目标,90年代中,国家放宽各种设置基准,在各大学中相继成立新学部和新学科,并导入美国式的各种教育方法,改善教育管理的效果。从2004年起,国立大学和公立大学法人化制度实施后,政府和大学开始摸索新的管理运营方式,各国立大学在国家的指导和支援下进行着各种经营管理的改革实验。虽然引入了以英美大学为原型的新的管理体系,但各大学仍保持着日本式的运营方式,各方面改革的速度也并不一致。基于竞争原理的大学改革已逐渐渗透到大学各机构,未来的10年,日本大学的管理运行方式将有可能发生巨大的变化。

In 1980＇s, internationalization, informationization, diversification, etc. were set forth as the aim of Japanese higher education and in the middle of 1990＇ s, as the setting-up standards were lowered, many schools and departments were founded in universities and American methods of education were introduced to improve the effect of educational management. The government and universities have begun to explore new methods of management after the establishment of the legal person system in both public and private universities in 2004. Every public university has been making reforms in its management under the guidance and the support of the state. Although new management system of American style has been established, Japanese methods of operation remain alive in each university and the progress in reform is not balanced. Reform with competition as its principle has started in every department of universities and, in the next decade, great changes may take place in the Japanese universities＇ methods of management and operation.