黄河三角洲湿地景观格局演变研究

Study on Evolution of Wetland Landscape Pattern of the Yellow River Delta

运用景观生态学原理,基于不同年代的遥感数据,系统分析了1993-2004年黄河三角洲湿地景观格局演变情况。结果表明：①湿地面积总体上变化不大,景观破碎化水平相对较低,湿地景观保持着一定的自然状态;②随着人类干扰强度的增强,斑块数量急剧增加,破碎化指数、斑块密度显著增大,景观破碎化程度提高;③湿地结构和组成发生了变化,人工湿地面积急剧增加,自然湿地面积减少;④芦苇湿地斑块急剧增加,平均斑块面积减少,说明芦苇湿地生态功能降低,湿地质量下降。⑤黄河水沙资源变化、人类活动干扰是三角洲湿地景观格局演变的根本动力和主导因素。

The paper analyzes the evolution of wetland landscape pattern of the Yellow River delta in the period of 1993-2004 based on the principle of landscape ecology and remote sensing data of different years.The outcomes show that a) the area of wetland has not been changed as a whole,the broken level of landscape relatively lower and the landscape of wetland preserved a certain natural condition;b) along with the increase of human interfere,the numbers of patches will be suddenly increased,the broken index,density of patches and the level of broken be notably increased;c) the structure and compose of wetland have been changed,the area of artificial wetland greatly increased and the area of natural wetland reduced;d) the patches of reed wetland has been greatly increased and the mean area of patches reduced,showing the decrease of ecological function and quality of reed wetlands and;e) the variations of runoff and sediment sources of the Yellow River and human activity interfere are the essential drive and main factor of the evolution of wetland landscape pattern of the delta.