氯乙烯暴露对作业工人染色体的损伤

Study on chromosome damage in workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer

目的探讨在我国目前职业卫生标准条件下,接触氯乙烯(VCM)能否对作业工人染色体造成损伤。方法选择上海某化工厂205名VCM作业工人为接触组,并以41名不接触VCM的健康志愿者为对照组;胞质分裂阻滞微核试验分析两组工人外周血淋巴细胞微核率。因素分析采用广义线性模型中的Poisson回归分析。结果VCM接触组工人和对照组人群外周血淋巴细胞微核率分别为(3.58±2.33)‰和(1.22±1.19)‰。Poisson回归分析VCM暴露与微核率之间的关系,最后进入方程的变量为VCM暴露、性别和年龄。在控制潜在的混杂因素如性别、年龄、吸烟和饮酒后VCM暴露的校正FR值及95%CI为3.1043(2.3523,4.1946)。以男性作为参比,女性FR值为1.1823,95%CI为(1.0249,1.3625)。年龄作为连续变量FR值为1.0164,95%CI为(1.0064,1.0264)。结论在当前我国职业卫生标准情况下,VCM暴露仍能够对作业工人遗传物质造成损害。

Objective To explore the changes of chromosomes in workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer（ VCM） under the occupational exposure limit in China. Methods A total of 205 VCM-exposed and 41 non-exposed workers employed in a VC polymerization plant in Shanghai of China were chosen in this study. Cytokinesis-block mieronueleus（CB-MN）assay was used to detect chromosome damage of the peripheral blood lymphocyte. Results The frequencies of mieronueleus in VCM-exposed and non-exposed workers were （3.58 ± 2.33）‰ and （ 1.22±1.19）‰, respectively. Multiple Poisson regression demonstrated that frequency ratio （FR）of VCM exposure workers increased compared with that of non-exposed workers after adjusted by age, gender, smoking and ha- bitua/drinking（FR = 3. 104,95 % CI 2. 352 3 - 4.194 6, P 〈 0. 000 1 ）. Furthermore, multiple Poisson regression also demonstrated FR of female subjects was higher than that of male subjects（ FR = 1. 182 3,95 % CI 1. 024 9 - 1. 362 5, P = 0. 021 0）and FR of the older was higher than that of the younger（FR = 1.016 4,95 % CI 1. 006 4 - 1. 026 4, P = 0.001 2）. Conclusion The chromosome of VCM-exposed workers can been damaged under the occupational exposure limit.