近30a内蒙古阿拉善盟不同生态系统土地利用动态遥感监测

Remote Sensing Monitoring on Land Use Changes of Each Ecosystem in Alax Prefecture of Inner Mongolia in Last 30 Years

利用遥感和GIS空间分析技术,以近30 a内蒙古阿拉善盟两期Landsat MSS/TM遥感数据为主要信息源,通过目视解译方法提取了农田、林地、草地、水体与湿地、建设用地、荒漠等6种生态系统的25类土地利用现状数据,在此基础上进行了土地利用的动态变化分析。结果表明:近年荒漠生态系统用地达85.59%,其次是草地生态系统用地,占12.76%;近30 a土地利用变化最明显的特征是农田、林地、水域与湿地及建设用地增加80 263hm2,占总土地面积的0.34%,草地和荒漠生态系统用地减少相应面积,总体土地利用相对变化量不大,仅为0.68%。

In this study, the ecosystems were classified into 6 classes, i.e. agriculture, forestry, grassland, water and wet area, construction area, and desert ecosystem, and the land use into 25 types that ranged into a class of ecosystem. The land use databases of the Alax Prefecture of Inner Mongolia were derived by visual interpretation from Landsat MSS images in the middle 1970＇s and Landsat TM in 2006. Based on analyzing the databases of land use, we discuss the status of land use of each ecosystem in 2006 and its changes in last 30 years. The result shows that desert ecosystem occupies 85.59 % of study area, and grassland ecosystem does 12.76%. During last 30 years, the lands of agriculture, forestry, water and wet land, and construction land ecosystems had increased by 80 263 hectare, occupied 0.34% of the region, and the lands of grassland and desert ecosystem had decreased the same areas. In the whole, the land use changes were little, and they occupied only 0.68 % of the region.