塔里木河下游生态恢复问题及对策探讨

Discussion on the ecological restoration and countermeasures for the lower reaches of the Tarim River

针对现阶段塔里木河下游生态恢复过程中存在的问题,本文在总结前人工作的基础上,提出了一些对策措施,包括:合理配置输水时间、方式,以适合塔里木河下游主要植被的生长特点,实现输水生态效益的最大化;发挥人工辅助在生态恢复过程中的巨大作用,增加土壤种子库数量,以提高生态输水的利用效率,实现生态恢复的规模化;保证一定的输水水量,以满足恢复下游地区水文循环的要求,降低土壤盐碱度,为植被提供良好的生长环境;采取教育、政策、法律相结合的方式对人们的思维和行为进行引导和约束,从而为下游地区的生态恢复提供有效保障。希望这些方法能为塔里木河下游生态恢复工作提供一些思路。

This paper deals with the present ecological restoration problems m the lower reacnes of Tarim River. Based on the summrized works of our predecessors, this paper put forward some countermeasures included rational allocation and reasonable arrangements for the water supply to meet the growth characteristics of the main species in the Tarim Basin and achieve the maximization of water ecological benefits, making the use of artificiality in the process of ecological restoration to restore the hydrological cycle, improve the efficiency of the ecological water and achieve the scale of ecological restoration, constraining the human negative activities through education, policy and laws, to provide ecological restoration effective protection. We hope these suggestions could provide some ideas for the ecological restoration in the lower reaches of Tarim River.