纳米Ni、Ni-P粒子制备及其催化AP热分解的研究

Preparation of Ni and Ni-P Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Effect on the Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

采用改进的化学镀镍方法制备了纯度较高的纳米Ni、Ni-P粉末。运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-ray射线衍射(XRD)方法对纳米粒子的物相、组织形貌和粒度进行表征,并通过TG-DTA热分析实验研究制备的纳米Ni、Ni-P粒子对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解过程的催化影响。TG-DTA结果说明:对于AP的低温热分解,纳米Ni粒子对其峰温和终止温度几乎没影响,但将此阶段质量损失增加了15%左右;纳米Ni-P粒子对质量损失改变不大,但将终止温度提前了26℃左右。对于AP的高温热分解,纳米Ni粒子将其峰温和终止温度分别提前了53℃和72℃左右,而纳米Ni-P粒子将其峰温和终止温度分别提前了80℃和67℃左右。

Crystalline Ni, amorphous Ni-P nanoparticles with high purity have been prepared by a modified electroless plating method. The resulting samples were characterized by transmission electron microscope（TME）,X-ray diffraction（XRD） and the catalytic effect of them on the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate（AP） was investigated by DTA and TG. Compared with the thermal decomposition of pure AP, adding Ni nanoparticles （5 wt.%） in AP, peak temperature and terminal temperature of low-temperature decomposition are not evidently changed, but its mass loss of low-temperature decomposition is increased about 15%, and its peak temperature and terminal temperature of high-temperature decomposition are decreased about 53℃ and 72℃; adding Ni-P nanoparticles （5 wt.%） in AP, mass loss of low-temperature decomposition is not distinctly changed, but its terminal temperature of low-temperature decomposition is decreased about 26℃, and its peak temperature and terminal temperature of high-temperature decomposition are decreased about 80℃ and 67℃.