论神示证据制度的认识论基础

On the epistemology of divine hint for evidence

早期人类的证据制度便以神明裁判为特征,神明裁判各种方式可以划分成三类:神判法、神誓法和占卜法。神明裁判的起源和演变的历史表明古代人们在诉讼活动中对事实真相的强烈渴望。人类最初进入诉讼阶段,并不代表其认识能力和技术水平有了多大的飞跃,古代的诉讼仍然要求助于神力。这是神明裁判存在的合理性基础。人们的求真欲望和认识能力之间的矛盾,使得它能够在人类诉讼史上成为最初的证明方式。神明裁判是以独断论作为其认识论基础,且在一定程度上能够得到符合案件事实的正确判断。

evidence system for early human has a character with divine hint. It＇s carved up into three genera： divine judgment, divine asseveration and augury. The origin and evolution of divine judgment show that Archaian people strongly desire for the truth. Human in initial litigation stage, because of lack of technical ability and understanding, still have to resort to divinity. This is the rational basis. Divine hint is consistent with the fact of the case the correct judgment.