文县疣螈资源现状、威胁因素及保护对策

Current Situation,Threatening Factors and Protective Countermeasures of Wenxian Knobby Newt

文县疣螈Tylototriton wenxianensis分布在文县、平武、青川、阆中、奉节和雷山,但只有文县、青川、平武3县相连成片,为岷山栖息地,面积约1800km2,数量约30000条。文县疣螈对海拔1000～1400m的潮湿陆地森林或泥底的水域环境选择较强,以森林或林缘地带积水不深、植被良好、基底多泥的小水塘为繁殖发育场所。文县疣螈面临茶园扩张、薪柴、干旱和分布区狭窄的威胁。调整茶叶发展战略,加强林地保护,推动茶叶集约化加工,研制并推广小型节能炒茶炉,人工增建小泥塘,保护和扩大最适栖息地,资助社区保护组织是缓解这些威胁的有效对策。

Wenxian knobby newt Tylototriton wenxianensis are distributed in six counties ： Wenxian, Pingwu, Qingchuan, Langzhong, Fengjie, Leishan. With the area of 1800 km^2 and by the connection of Wenxian, Pingwu, Qingchuan, there are 30 000 of Wenxian knobby newt in Minshan habitat area. The muddy water zone and the moist forest with the altitude of 1000 - 1400 m are favorable habitat for Wenxian knobby newt. Forest and small pools with shallow water, fine vegetation and mud are the breeding sites. However, Wenxian knobby newt are suffering from the threats of the extension of tea gardens, firewood, drought and narrowing distribution areas. Therefore, the effective countermeasures should be taken to relieve the severe situation, like adjusting the strategies of development of tea, the reinforcement of forest areas protection, the promotion of tea intensive processing, the invention and popularization of mini energy-saving stove for tea-firing, increasing construction of small muddy pools, the conversation and extension of favorable habitats and the aid for the organization of community protection.