朱熹德性之学的“和谐”指向

On "Harmony" Orientation of Zhu Xi's Virtue Ethics

伦理思想研究中常从"品质"维度来诠释德性的价值,朱熹德性之学超越传统德性"品质"论,把德性价值指向为"和谐"。在德性生发上,朱熹认为"德性者,吾所受于天之正理",德性表征为预定的"和谐"性;在德性内容上,朱熹以"生意"释"仁"德,德性内容具有和谐本质;在德性成就上,朱熹认为通过"理一分殊"和"格物穷理"可以达致"私欲净尽,天理流行"的和谐境界;在德性的践行上,朱熹以"明德者,……以具众理而应万事者也"和"仁者以天地万物为一体"说,指出"仁"德施及万物才能"万物并育而不相害",和谐秩序才能建立,凸显了德性实践品性的和谐指向。

Ethics thoughts often explain the value of virtue from the dimensions of ＂quality＂, whereas Zhu Xi＇s virtue ethics puts forth a transcendent value on the virtue that it should be ＂harmonious＂. On the origin of virtue, Zhu believes that ＂virtue is the principle we got from the Heavens＂ , so it is characteristic of pre-described ＂harmony＂ ; on the content of virtue, Zhu explains ＂benevolence＂ as ＂living＂, and thus it has the nature of harmony; on the achievements of virtue, he thinks that the harmonious state of ＂none of individual desire exists while virtue principle prevails＂ can be achieved by applying the idea of ＂the principle is one, its implementation is divided into multiplicity＂ and ＂exploring things and reason＂ ; and on the practice of virtue, he argues that ＂benevolence＂ can make ＂all things infertility without harm＂, and thus harmony order can be established, which the harmonious orientation of the practice of virtue.