安徽省营养监测点城乡60～75岁老年人群营养监测分析

The Analysis on Nutrition Monitoring of Elders Aged 60-75 in Urban and Rural Areas of Anhui Province

目的研究安徽省老年人群营养与健康现况,为制定老年营养干预措施提供依据。方法选择1个城市监测点和1个农村监测点,每个监测点抽取60～75岁老人800名,使用个人健康问卷、食物频率问卷、健康体检及社区调查问卷进行调查。结果城市点60岁～75岁老年人群高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、贫血患病率均高于农村点,分别为67.1%>58.5%、14.3%>11.4%、38.4%>31.9%和39.0%>28.7%;农村点男性老年人群的吸烟率和女性老人的被动吸烟率高于城市点,分别为61.2%>22.0%、44.4%>22.7%;城乡老年人群的粗杂粮摄入不足,蔬菜摄入情况要好于水果;城乡老年人群尚未普遍养成饮奶习惯,农村点仅有4.6%的人每日饮奶;老人家庭的高食盐摄入和高烹调用油现象比较普遍,尤其是农村地区分别达76.6%和61.4%;老年人群腌制食品摄入比例较高,超过50%;城乡老年人群普遍都有吃早餐的习惯,但早餐营养质量不高。结论城市点老年人群的相关慢病流行水平高于农村点,其营养摄入行为危险因素暴露水平低于农村点;城乡老人的膳食结构存在诸多缺陷,农村点老人早餐膳食营养价值不高。

Objective To acquire necessary data for developing elders - related nutrition interventions. Method 2 monitoring spots were selected with each having 800 elders aged 〈 5 as subjects. The monitoring contents included 4 parts, i. e. personal health -nutrition survey, food frequency questionaire, physical check - up and community survey. Result Prevalence of hypertension,diabetes,high blood lipid and anemia of old people at urban area were higher than ones at rural one, i.e. 67.1% 〉58.5% ,14.3% 〉 11.4% ,38.4% 〉 31.9% and 39.0% 〉 28.7% respectively; smoking rate of old men and passive smoking one of old women at rural area were higher than people at urban area , i.e. 61.2% 〉 22.0% and 44.4% 〉 22.7% respectively; all old people hadn＇t eaten enough rude corns, but had more intake of vegetables than fruits; old residents hadn＇t developed a daily habit of drinking - milk too and only 4.6% of rural elders ate milk; high cooking oil and intake of high salt existed in most of elders＇families, especially.at rural area, with 76.6% and 61.4% of all families surveyed respectively; most of elders ate their breakfast daily, but their breakfasts had lower nutrition values. Conclusion Prevalence of several chronic diseases of urban elders were higher than rural ones, but Prevalence of behaviors risks in reverse. There were some limitations in elders＇dietary patterns with lower nutrition values.