定海海岛县区10年来艾滋病流行特征分析

Analysis on HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics in Dinghai island in the past ten years

目的：了解定海区艾滋病流行特点和变化趋势，为今后防制工作提供科学依据。方法：对1998—2007年定海区的每例HIV／AIDS进行个案流行病学调查和统计分析。结果：10年来，全区共发现HIV／AIDS 37例，其中AIDS 7例，死亡报告2例；3种传播途径均有发生，性接触占70．3％；发生4起家庭内传播疫情共10例HIV；艾滋病发病分为2003年以前的传入散发阶段和2003年及以后的快速增长阶段；检出途径以被动监测为主，占81．1％；感染人群以20～39岁组为主，占73．0％，男女性别比1．8：1，文化程度以初中及以下为主，占89．1％，流动人口占59．5％，本地居民占40．5％，已婚占51．4％，未婚占29．7％。汉族为主，占83．8％，职业分布呈较分散趋势。结论：定海区艾滋病目前处于低流行期，但疫情上升势头迅猛，家庭内感染疫情严重，流动人口感染者的高检出率和高失访率给当地人群造成很大威胁，防治形势异常严峻。今后应进一步扩大各类艾滋病重点人群的主动监测覆盖面，加大艾滋病高危人群的宣教和干预力度，切实有效管理流动人口感染者，遏制艾滋病传播与蔓延。

Objective To explore HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics and change trend in Dinghai district so as to provide scientific basis for controlling the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Methods Epidemiological investigation and analysis was made of every HIV/AIDS case in Dinghai district from 1998 to 2007. Results 37 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in Dinghai district in the past ten years, of which 7 cases developed AIDS and 2 cases died. There were three infection ways, and 70. 3% were infected with sexual contact. 4infection epidemic situation happened among family members, including 10 eases of HIV. HIV/AIDS epidemic was divided into two phases, scattered eases from 1997 to 2002 and eases on the rise from 2003 to 2007. The main diagnosis way of HIV/AIDS was passive monitoring, which accounted for 81.1% of all cases. Most of the infected were young adults aged 20 to 39 years old（73.0%）. The ratio of male over female was 1.8 to 1. 89.1% of them were junior high school and lower education. 59.5% of them were floating population. 51.4% of them were married, while 29.7% of them were unmarried. The majority of them were Han nationality （83. 8%）, and they are from different walks of life. Conclusion At present, HIV/AIDS is at a low epidemic level in Dinghai district, but the infection trend is still on the speedy rise, and infection epidemic situation among family members is serious. The high ratio of discovery and disappearance has caused menace to local inhabitants. We should expand breadth of initiative monitoring to focus groups of HIV/AIDS,and strengthen health education and behavior intervention to high--risk populations of HIV/AIDS, then effectively control the floating HIV/AIDS, so as to prevent and control HIV/AIDS epidemic.