农业现代化的规律性与中国农业的现代化

The Rule of Agricultural Modernization and Agricultural Modernization in China

20世纪以来的100多年,世界农业发展的基本趋势和主要特征是高度的商业化、资本化、规模化、专业化、区域化、工厂化、知识化、社会化、国际化交织在一起,极大地提高了土地产出率、农业劳动生产率、农产品商品率和国际市场竞争力。历史经验表明,农业现代化的实质和核心是化"农",就是农民比重大幅减少、农业比重大幅下降、城市化水平大幅提高的过程,资本参与利润平均化的规律与国家支持保护农业的政策是并行不悖的。当前我国面临的两大实践难题是,如何实现小农制与现代农业的有效衔接,如何培育农业资本的生成机制,归结起来就是"人往哪里去"和"钱从哪里来"的问题,而解决问题的根本出路在于发展资本农业和外向型经济。

During the 20th century, the fundamental tendency and major features of agricultural development in the world is： commercialized, capitalized, scaled, socialized, specialized, regional, and international development. Consequently, the land productivity, labor productivity, commodity rate of agricultural products and international competitiveness are greatly improved. History shows that the essence of agricultural modernization is ＂farmers＂-to distinctly reduce the proportion of farmers and agriculture while substantially enhance urbanization. The rule of the involvement of capital in averaged profit is not in conflict with the state policies to protect and support agriculture. The two challenges faced by China in agriculture are： how to effectively link small-scale agricultural production with modern agriculture and how to cultivate the formation mechanism of agricultural capital. To put it in simple words, where shall the farmers go and where shall the money come from？ The fundamental approach to these problems is to develop capital agriculture and export-oriented economy.