某金矿接尘工人健康现状分析

ANALYSIS OF THE HEALTH STATUS OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO DUSTS IN A GOLD MINE

[目的]了解矿山接尘作业人员尘肺患病情况;了解矿山接尘工人常见慢性病的患病情况及流行病学特征;分析不良有害因素导致各种慢性病的患病情况及其与工龄、工种之间的关系。[方法]对某金矿企业接尘工人521人进行健康体检资料的调查分析。调查方式由劳动卫生与职业病医师直接询问调查,同时测量血压、肺活量,内外科检查及胸部后前位高仟伏X线摄片等。[结果]本次体检521人中,尘肺患者为120人,占总人数的23.0%。其中井下工人患病率为26.1%,高于井上工人。120例尘肺病人接尘时间主要集中在1970～1990年,占构成的86.66%。高血压、胃炎、慢性胃炎等慢性疾病患病率井伤工人均较高。高血压、关节炎、慢性鼻炎等慢性疾病患病率都有随工龄增长而增高的趋势,除慢性胃炎、腰肌劳损、慢性咽炎、慢性支气管炎,各工龄组各种慢性病的患病率之间差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05或P﹤0.01)。[结论]接尘工人尘肺的发病同接尘时间,接尘种类有密切关系。工龄越长高血压、关节炎等慢性病的患病率越高;井下工人高血压、胃炎、慢性咽炎等慢性病的患病率比井上工人高;尘肺病人的慢性病患病率高于非尘肺接尘工人。

[Objective] To investigate the incidence of pneumoconiosis in mine workers, and investigate the incidence of common chronic diseases and epidemiologic characteristics among workers exposed to dust, as well as analyze the relationship of the factors inducing all kinds of chronic diseases with the work ages and work types. [Methods] The health examination survey data from 521 workers of one gold enterprise were analyzed. They were investigated by doctors of occupational diseases, and the blood pressure, lung capacity, clinic examination and X-ray examination of dorsaventral of chest were examined for these mine workers. [Results] Out of the 521 people, 120 suffered from pneumoeoniosis accounting for 23.0%. The prevalence of underground workers was 26.1%, which was higher than that of Wells workers. The time of 120 cases of pneumoconiosis exposed to dust mainly from 1970 to 1990, accounting for 86.66%. They take the highest prevalence of the chronic illnesses such as hypertension, arthritis and chronic gastritis. The prevalences of Hypertension, lumbar muscle strain, arthritis and other chronic diseases araising with the increase of service growth. Except chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and chronic pharyngitis, the prevalenees of chronic diseases among all age groups were found significant difference （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. [Conclusion] The pneumoeoniosis incidences of workers exposed to dust is closely related with the time of exposed to dust and dust species. The longer of the work ages these workers had, the higher the pervalences of service hypertension, arthritis and other chronic illness they had. The prevalences of hypertension, gastritis, chronic pharyngitis, and other chronic diseases of underground workers were significantly higher than those workers who did not go to well; the Prevalenees of chronic disease for patients with pneumoconiosis were higher than those of non-pneumoconiosis.