适合儿童的公园与花园——儿童友好型公园的设计与研究

Parks & Gardens Fit for Children——Design and Research of User-friendly Park

城市公园是提供游憩和娱乐的场所。游乐场所的设计经常被误解为一个从游乐设施提供商的产品目录中进行挑选的过程,甚至仅仅是一个商业化的游乐场。所以,游乐场所通常只被当作提供狭义的体育活动的场所,而不能满足儿童对游乐的复杂需求。我们设计建造的室内和室外的活动环境——包括公园——都只符合成人的口味和使用模式。儿童常常会被排除在外,而只能躲避在虚拟的电子世界里。卫生专家现在已对城市区域的儿童健康状况敲响了警钟。对儿童和青少年提供健康和具有促进作用的环境已成为新城市建设的必要部分。然而却需要了解与儿童身心成长有关的背景知识。游乐场所这样一种环境同样也是一个学习的环境,它应为儿童的未来成长提供所有需要的生活技能练习。风景园林师塑造室外空间,因此也应将儿童游乐和学习环境划为其专业领域。现代城市的开放空间需要将儿童的游乐场所置于显著位置。室内的游乐场所无法替代儿童对游玩的需要,因此只能放于次要位置。儿童友好型公园和绿地系统是对"更好的城市"的一种诠释。一个对儿童有益的空间自然对所有人都有益。城市管理机构不能把人们的游憩需求,尤其是儿童游玩的权利全留给私营机构。公共公园和社区绿地对于社会的互动,对于推动现代城市中的体育活动,对于调节这类要求等起着重要的作用。在城市管理中应提升绿地政策的优先程度。

Urban parks are designated to provide space for relaxation and play. Playground design is often mistaken as ＂browsing through catalogues＂ of play equipment companies or even as a commercial entertainment area. As a result, playgrounds often substitute a narrow range of physical activities only and do not satisfy the complexity of children＇s need for play. We build indoor and outdoor environment--including parks--following adult tastes and using patterns. Children feel excluded and find refuge in the virtual cyber world. Medical specialists are now ringing the alarm clock about their concerns on children＇s health in urban areas. Creating healthy and stimulating environments for children and teenagers becomes essential for new urban settings. However it requires a profound knowledge of children＇s development and needs. A play environment is a learning environment at the same time, which should prepare our children for the future with all necessary life skills. Landscape architects shape the outdoors and therefore should become special for children＇s play and learning environments. Open spaces in modern urban areas need fo stay the dominant play spaces for children. Play places indoors cannot replace children＇s needs for play and should stay only additional option. Child friendly Parks and green space system are indicators of a ＂better city＇. A space that is good for children is good for all people. Urban administration can＇t leave the recreational needs and especially the children＇s play rights to private provider. Public parks and residential gardens have the main functions for social interaction and animation for physical activities in modern cities and design needs adiust to this task. Administration has to change priority in their green space policy.