西安市唐代遗址出土人颅骨标本的龋病研究

Dental caries found in the human skull of Tang dynasty excavated from Xi＇an

目的调查唐代遗址出土的人颅骨标本的龋病流行状况，为认识龋病在人类进化过程中的演化规律提供相关依据。方法同一研究者采用同样的判断标准，观察并记录了西安市长安区唐代遗址出土的62具人颅骨全部631颗牙齿（均为恒牙）的龋病状况。计算了总患龋率及不同年龄组、不同性别组、不同牙位组研究对象的患龋率，并对不同研究对象患龋率的差异进行统计学分析。结果本组共有39例标本患龋，患龋率为62．9％，龋齿率为14．6％。从龋患在牙面上的分布看，牙根面（颈部）龋最多，占全部龋患牙面的33．3％；其次为牙合面龋，占28．7％。从龋患在牙位上的分布看，龋齿率：第三磨牙〉第二磨牙〉第一磨牙。不同年龄组中男性与女性的龋齿率及总体龋齿率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论龋病在唐代已相当普遍，但其患龋率低于现代人。龋病患病率随着人类进化及社会生产力的提高而不断增高。

Objective To investigate the status of dental caries in the human of Tang dynasty. Methods All teeth in 62 human skulls of Tang dynasty excavated from the Chang＇an county in Xi＇an city were examined and analyzed by statistics. The difference of prevalence in different group including age, sex and tooth position was tested with Chi-square test. Results The prevalence of dental caries was 62. 9%. And there were 92 caries teeth, which was 14. 6% of the whole teeth. The root caries（33. 3% ） was more than the occlusal caries（28.7% ）. The most frequent recorded caries were the third molar, followed by the second molar, then the first molar. There was no significant difference between male and female. Conclusions The dental caries was popular in human of Tang dynasty, but the prevalence lowers than the modern people. And with the human evolution and the improvement of the social productivity, the prevalence of dental caries was gradually ascending.